The duty cycle (DD) is calculated as:

D=tonT×100%D = \frac{t_{on}}{T} \times 100\%

Where:

• tont_{on}: Time the IGBT is in the “on” state (in seconds)
• TT: Total switching period (in seconds)

The duty cycle ranges from 0%0\% to 100%100\%:

• 0%0\%: IGBT is always “off.”
• 100%100\%: IGBT is always “on.”